Passage 6
Table of Contents
A recent report in news week says that in American colleges, students of Asian origin outperform no only the minority group students but the majority whites as well. Many of these students must be of Indian origin, and their achievement is something we can be proud of. It is unlikely that these talented youngsters will come back to India, and that is the familiar brain drain problem. However recent statements by the nation’s policymakers indicate that the perception of this issue is changing, Brain bank and not brain drain is toe more appropriate idea, they suggest since the expertise of India abroad is only deposited in other places and not lost.
This may be so, but this Oram bank, like most other banks, is one that primarily serves customers in its neigh bourhood. The skills of the Asians now excelling in America’s colleges will mainly help the U.S.A. No matter how significant what nonresident Indians do for Indian and what their couter parts do for other Asian lands is only a by-product.
But it is also necessary to ask, or be reminded, why Indians study fruitfully when abroad. The Asian whose accomplishments News Week records would have probably had a very different tale if they had studied in India. In America they found elbow room books and facilities not available and not likely to be available here. The need to prove themselves in their new country and tne competition of an international standard they faced there must have cured mental and physical laziness.
But oilier things helping them in America can be obtained here if we achieve a change in social attitudes. specially towards youth.
We need to learn to valve individuals and their unique qualities more than conformity and respectability. We need to learn the language of encouragement to add to our skill in flattery. We might also learn to be less liberal with blame and less tight listed with appreciation, especially.
1 Among the many groups of students is American colleges. Asian students:
(a) are often written about in magazines like News Week.
(b) are most successful academically.
(c) have proved that they are as good as the whites
(d) have only a minority status like the blacks.
2. In general, the talented young Indians studying in America:
(a) have a reputation for being hard working.
(b) Have the opportunity to contribute to India’s development.
(c) can solve the brain drain problem because of recent changes in policy.
(d) will not return to pursue their careers in India
3. The students of Asian origin in America include:
(a) a fair number from India.
(b) a small group from India.
(c) persons. from India who are very proud.
(d) Indians who are the most hard working of all.
4. There is talk now of the ‘brain bank’ This idea:
(a) is a solution to the brain drain problem.
(b) is a new problem caused partly by the brain drain.
(c) is a new way of looking at the role of qualified Indians living abroad.
(d) is based on a plan to utilize foreign exchange remittances to stimulate research and development.
5. The author feels that what non-resident Indians do for India.
(a) will have many useful side effects.
(b) will not be their main interest and concern.
(c) can benefit other Asian countries, as a by-product.
(d) can American colleges be of service to the world community.
6. The brain bank has limitations like all banks in the sense that:
(a) a bank’s services go mainly to those nearit.
(b) small neighborhood banks are not visible in this age of multinationals.
(c) only what is deposited can be withdrawn and utilized.
(d) no one can be forced to put his assets in a bank.
7. The author feels that some of the com other than the level of facilities that make the west attractive.
(a) are available in India but young people do not appreciate them.
(b) can never be found here because we believe in conformity.
(c) can be created if our attitudes and values change.
(d) can also give respectability to our traditions and customs.
8. The high level of competition-faced by Asians students in America:
(a) help them overcome their lazy habits.
(b) makes them lazy since the facilities there are good.
(c) makes them worried about raising
(d) helps them prove that they are as good as whites.
9. The performance of Indians when they go to study in the west:
(a) shows the fruits of hard work done by school teachers in India.
(b) should remind us that knowledge and wisdom are not limited by the boundaries of race and nation
(c) is better than people in the West expect of non-whites.
(d) is better than what it would have been if they had studied in India.
10. One of the ways of making the situation in India better would be:
(a) to eliminate flattery from public life.
(b) to distinguish between conformity and respectability
(c) to give appreciation and hot be tight listed.
(d) to encourage people and not merely flatter them.
Directions for Questions 1 – 11 : Read the following passage and answer these questions.
Language II Model paper
Passage 7.
Today the import duty on a complete machine is 35% for all practical purposes, whereas the import duty on the raw materials and components ranges from 40% to 85%. The story does not end here. After paying such high import duties on components, once a machine is made, it suffers excise duty from 5% to 10% (including on the customs duty already paid). At the time of sale, the machine tools suffer further taxation, i.e., central sales tax or state sales taxes which range from 4% to 16%. This much for the tax angle. Another factor which pushes the cost of manufacture of machine tools is the very high rate of interest payable to banks ranging upto 22% as against 4%-7% prevailing in advanced countries.
The production of machine tools in India being not of the same scale as it is in other countries, the price which India’s machine tools builders have to pay for components is more or less based on pattern of high pricing applicable to the prices of spares. The above represents only a few of the extraneous reasons for the high cost of Indian machines.
The machine tool industry in India has an enviable record of very quick technology absorption, assimilation and development.
There are a number of success stories about how machine tool builders were of help at the most critical times. It will be a pity, in fact a tragedy, if we allow this industry to die and disappear from the scene.
away from any dependable source of supply of machine tools. The Government of India has always given a great deal of importance to the development of small scale and medium scale industries. This industry has also performed pretty well. Today, they are in need of help from India’s machine tool industry to enable them to produce quality components at reduced costs. Is it anybody’s case that the needs of this fragile sector (which needs tender care) will be met from 6000 km away?
Then, what is it that the industry requests from the Government? It wants level playing field. In fact, all of us must have a deep introspection and recognise the fact that the machine tool industry has a very special place in the country from the point of strategic and vital interests of the nation. Most important, it requests for the Govt’s consideration and understanding.
1 According to the passage, assembling imported components into machines proves ultimately:
(a) cheaper than importing complete machine
(b) costlier than importing machine
(c) more cost effective than importing machine
(d) on par with the cost of imported machine
2. According to the passage, all the following factors are responsible for high cost of Indian machines except:
(a) higher import duty on spares
(b) excise duty
(c) bank’s rate of interest on loans for manufacture
(d) high profit margin expected by manufacturers
3. If the bank’s rate of interest in India is made on par with that in advanced countries, the cost of manufacture of machine tools:
(a) may go up by about 4 to 7%
(b) may increase by about 22%
(c) may decrease by about 4 to 7%
(d) may decrease by about 15 to 18%
4. The availability of Indian machine tool industries help to small scale industry is most likely to result into:
(a) increase in the demand of imported machine tools It is to be noted that India is at least 6000 km
(b) deterioration in the quality of components manufactured by them
(c) further increase in the customs duty on imported machines
(d) enhancement in the quality and quantity of their production at a cheaper cost
5. Which of the following is true in the context of the passage?
(a) India’s machine tool industry has a praiseworthy record of performance
(b) In critical times, the machine tool builders allowed the industry to perish
(c) In the case of machines, the excise duty is levied only on the cost price
(d) India’s quantum of production of machine tools is more than that of other advanced countries
6. The disparity in the quantum of machine production in India and that in other countries leads to:
(a) the development of small scale and medium scale industries
(b) lethargy in the process of absorption and assimilation of new technology
(c) a need to pay higher for components and spares
(d) overproduction of machines as compared to the actual need
Language II Model paper
7. Which of the following statements is definitely true in the context of the passage?
(A) The vital role of India’s machine tool industry has not been duly recognized by the Government.
(B) Small scale industries’ performance can be further improved with the help from Indian machine tool industry.
(C) The author of the passage has not discussed all the factors which are responsible for high cost of Indian machines.
(a) A&B
(b) A&C
(c) B&C
(d) All of these
8. Which of the following best explains the sentence ‘It wants a level playing field’ as used in the passage? The machine tool industry in India:
(a) wants to adopt novel marketing strategies for sale promotion
(b) seeks to have small scale industry as its patron
(c) needs freedom to import the desired components at a low cost
(d) needs land for opening more factories
9. Why do small and medium scale industries look for help from India’s machine tool industry?
(a) To produce low-cost components without dilution in quality
(b) To produce cheaper components notwithstanding the poor quality
(c) To remain in Government’s focus of attention
(d) To improve their poor financial status
10. Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the content of the passage?
(a) The Govt. of India has duly recognized the role of machine tool industry
(b) Levying heavy custom duty is absolutely necessary
(c) The Govt. of India was not considerate to the difficulties faced by machine tool industry
(d) India should not waste its precious resources on the production of machine tools
11. Which of the following is the principal focus of – the content of the passage?
(a) Reduction in rate of interest on loans to machine tool industry
(b) Indian machine tool industry and its vital role in country’s development
(c) Encouragement to small and middle scale industries
(d) Unrealistic strategy of development of technology
Directions for Questions 1 – 14: Read the following passage and answer these questions
Language II Model paper
Passage 8
A great deal of discussion continues as to the real extent of global environmental degradation and its implications. What few people challenge however, is that the renewable natural resources of developing countries are today subject to stresses of unprecedented magnitude. These pressures are brought about, in part, by increased population and the quest for an ever expanding food supply. Because the health, nutrition and general well-being of the poor majority are directly dependent on the integrity and productivity of their natural resources, the capability of governments 10 manage them effectively over the long term becomes of paramount importance.
Developing countries are becoming more aware of the ways in which present and future economic development must build upon a sound and sustainable natural resource base. Some are looking at our long tradition in environmentalprotection and are receptive to US assistance which recognises the uniqueness of the social and ecological systems in these tropical countries. Developing countries recognise the need to improve their capability to analyse issues and their own natural resource management. In February 1981, for example AID funded’ a National Academy of Sciences panel to advise Nepal on their severe natural resource degradation problems. Some countries such as Senegal, India, Indonesia and Thailand, are now including conservation concerns in their economic development planning process.
Because so many governments of developing nations have recognised the importance of these issues, the need today is not merely one of raising additional consciousness, but for carefully designed and sharply focused activities aimed at the establishment of effective resource management regimes that are essential to the achievement of sustained development.
1 Some of the developing countries oi Asia and Africa have:
(a) formulated very ambitious plans of protecting habitat in the region
(b) laid a great stress on the conservation of natural resources in their educational endeavor
(c) carefully dovetailed environmental conservation with the overall strategy of planned economic development
(d) sought the help of US experts in solving the problem of environmental degradation
2. Technical know-how developed in the USA:
(a) cannot be easily assimilated by the technocrats of the developing countries
(b) can be properly utilised on the basis of developing countries being able to launch an in-depth study of their specific problems
(c) can be easily borrowed by the developing countries io solve the problem of environmental degradation
(d) can be very effective in solving the problem of resource management in tropical countries
3. There has been a pronounced deterioration of habitat all over the globe because of:
(a) rigorous operation of the Malthusian principle
(b) unprecedented urbanisation and dislocation of self contained rural communities
(c) optimum degree of industrialisation in the developing countries
(d) large scale deforestation and desertification
4. The poor people of the developing world can lead a happy and contented life if:
(a) there is a North-South dialogue and aid flows freely to the developing world
(b) industries based on agriculture are widely developed .
(c) economic development takes place within the ambit of conservation of natural resources
(d) there is an assured supply of food and medical care
5. Which of the following has the danger of Becoming a token?
(a) Socially progressive legislation
(b) Policy for women
(c) Coparcenary rights to women
(d) Reservation for women
Language II Model paper
6. Which of the following is opposite in meaning to lofty’ as used in the passage?
(a) Sublimated
(b) Humble
(c) Inferior
(d) Undignified
7. Which of the following words is the most opposite in meaning to ‘sweeping’ as used in the passage?
(a) Limited
(b) Half-hearted
(c) Acceptable
(d) Incomplete
8. Which of the following is nearly the same in meaning as the word ‘devolution’ as used in the passage?
(a) Relegation
(b) Succession
(c) Deployment
(d) Decentralisation
9. Which of the following words is most nearly the same in meaning as the word ‘enunciation as used in the passage?
(a) Suggestion
(b) formulation
(c) Recommendation
(d) Proclamation
10. According to the passage which of the following aspects has been identified as, it alone would not bring change m the status of women?
(a) Coparcenary rights to women
(b) Decision making role in political area
(c) Greater control over economic status
(d) Enactment of sociarly progressive legislation
11. Which of the following is the most nearly the same in meaning to callousness’ as used in the passage?
(a) Prejudice
(b) Insensitivity
(c) Obliquities
(d) Casual
12. Which of the following is nearly the same in meaning to the word ‘delineates’ as used in the passage?
(a) Discusses
(b) Demarcates
(c) Suggests
(d) Outlines
13. At which stage were the grass-root level organisations involved for the policy?
(a) After the interim report
(b) From the start
(c) At the final stages
(d) Not mentioned in the passage
14. According to the passage, which of the following is the basic block in the effective implementation of the policy?
(a) Prevalent power structure in society
(b) Inadequate legislation
(c) Insensitive administration
(d) Lack of political will
Directions for Questions 1 – 4 : Read the Following passage and answer these questions. following passage and answer
Language II Model paper
Passage 9
The capitalist system of society does not foster healthy relations among human beings. A few people own all the means of production and othersthrough nominally few have to sell their labour under conditions imposed upon them. The emphasis of capitalism being on the supreme importance of material wealth the intensity of its appeal is to the acquisitive intensity. It promotes worship of economic power with little regard to the means employed for its acquisition and the end that it serves. By its exploitation of human beings to the limits of endurance its concentration is on the largest profit rather than maximum production. Thus the division of human family is done on the basis of economic circumstance. All this is injurious to division of human dignity. And when the harrowed poor turn to the founders of religion for succour, they rather offer a subtle defence of the established order. They promise future happiness for their present suffering and conjure up visions of paradise to redress the balance to soothe the suffering and the revolt of the tortured men. The system imposes injustice, the religion justifies it.
1 The passage indicates that the capitalist system is;
(a) fair
(b) ambitious
(c) prosperous
(d)dehumanising
2. In a capitalist system:
(a) the means justify the ends.
(b) the ends justify the means.
(c) the means endorsed by religion are strictly followed
(d) means which lead to exploitation are strictly prohibited.
3. The established order is supported by religion to:
(a) alleviate the suffering of the poor in the capitalist system.
(b) perpetuate the injustice imposed by the capitalist system.
(c) balance the suffering of the poor with hopes of future rewards.
(d) help the tortured men to seek redress.
4. In a capitalistic system of society each man wishes:
(a) to acquire maximum wealth:
(b) to produce maximum wealth.
(c) to have visions of paradise.
(d) to soothe the suffering of other.
Directions for Questions 1 – 5 : Read the following passage and answer these questions.
Language II Model paper
Passage 10
When we are suddenly confronted with any terrible danger, the change of nature we undergo is equally great. In some cases fear paralyses us. Like animals, we stand still, powerless to move a step in fright or to lift a hand in defence of our lives, and sometimes we are seized with panic, and again, act more like the inferior animals than rational beings. On the other hand, frequently in cases of sudden extreme peril, which cannot be escaped by flight and must be instantly faced, even the most timid men at once as if by miracle. become possessed of the necessary courage, sharp quick apprehension, and swift decision. This is a miracle very common in nature. Man and the inferior animals alike, when confronted with almost certain death gather resolution from despair but there can really be no trace of so debilitating a feeling in the person fighting, or prepared to fight for dear life. At such times the mind is clearer than it has ever been the nerves are steel, there is nothing felt but a wonderful strength and daring. Looking back at certain perilous moments in my own life, I remember them with a kind of joy, not that there was any joyful excitement then; but because they brought me a new experience a new nature, as it were and lifted me for a time above myself.
1 An appropriate title for the above passage would be:
(a) The will to fight
(b) The Miracle of Confronting Danger
(c) The change of Nature
(d) Courage and Panic
2. The author names three different ways in which a man may react to sudden danger. What are they?
(a) He may flee in panic or tight back or stand still
(b) He may be paralysed with tear, seized with panic or act like an inferior animal.
(c) He may be paralysed with fear, or seized with panic, or as if by miracle. become possessed of the necessary courage and face the danger.
(d) He may be paralysed with fear, run away or fight.
3 . The distinction between ‘inferior animals’ and ‘rational beings’ is that:
(a) the former are incapable of fighting.
(b) the latter are clever.
(c) the latter are stronger.
(d) the latter are capable of reasoning things out whereas the former cannot do so
4. Explain the phrase gather resolution from danger
(a) Find hope and courage
(b) A state of utter hopelessness steels one to light out the danger
(e) Not to lose hope, but fight
(d) Find courage to face the danger
5. The author feels happy in the recollection of dangers faced and overcome because:
(a) they brought him new experience,
(b) they brought him a new experience and lifted him above himself for a time.
(e) He survived his ordeal,
(d) he was lucky to be alive
